Rethinking the Citric Acid Cycle: Connecting Pyruvate Carboxylase and Citrate Synthase to the Flow of Energy and Material

In 1937, Sir H. A Krebs first published the Citric Acid Cycle, a unidirectional cycle with carboxylic acids. The original concept of Cycle from Krebs’ 1953 Nobel Prize lecture illustrates degradation lactic acid to water, carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Here, we add heart lactate dehydrogenase•proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter 1 complex, connecting flow energy material. complex catalyses reaction oxidation pyruvate, thus secures provision pyruvic acid. addition, modify by feeding oxaloacetic Our enables integration anabolic processes allows adaption organism recover ATP faster.